Written By Jodi Gilbert
These days, we tend to communicate via the keyboard as much as we do verbally. Often, we’re in a hurry, quickly dashing off e-mails with typos, grammatical shortcuts (I’m being kind here), and that breezy, e.e. cummings, no-caps look. It’s expected. It’s no big deal. But other times, we try to invest a little care, avoiding mistakes so that there’s no confusion about what we’re saying and so that we look professional and reasonably bright.
In general, we can slip up in a verbal conversation and get away with it. A colleague may be thinking, Did she just say “irregardless”?, but the words flow on, and our worst transgressions are carried away and with luck, forgotten.
That’s not the case with written communications. When we commit a grammatical crime in e-mails, discussion posts, reports, memos, and other professional documents, there’s no going back. We’ve just officially gone on record as being careless or clueless. And here’s the worst thing. It’s not necessary to be an editor or a language whiz or a spelling bee triathlete to spot such mistakes. They have a way of doing a little wiggle dance on the screen and then reaching out to
grab the reader by the throat.
So here we are in the era of Word’s red-underline “wrong spelling, dumb ass” feature and Outlook’s Always Check Spelling Before Sending option, and still the mistakes proliferate. Catching typos is easy (although not everyone does it). It’s the other stuff — correctly spelled but incorrectly wielded — that sneaks through and makes us look stupid. Here’s a quick review of some of the big ones.
1. Loose for lose
No: I always loose the product key.
Yes: I always lose the product key.
2. It’s for its (or god forbid, its’)
No: Download the HTA, along with it’s readme file.
Yes: Download the HTA, along with its readme file.
No: The laptop is overheating and its making that funny noise again.
Yes: The laptop is overheating and it’s making that funny noise again.
3.They’re fortheir for there
No: The managers are in they’re weekly planning meeting.
Yes: The managers are in their weekly planning meeting.
No: The techs have to check there cell phones at the door, and their not happy about it.
Yes: The techs have to check their cell phones at the door, and they’re not happy about it.
4.i.e. for e.g.
No: Use an anti-spyware program (i.e., AdAware).
Yes: Use an anti-spyware program (e.g., AdAware).
Note: The term i.e. means “that is”; e.g. means “for example.” And a comma follows both of them.
5.Effect for affect
No: The outage shouldn’t effect any users during work hours.
Yes: The outage shouldn’t affect any users during work hours.
Yes: The outage shouldn’t have any effect on users.
Yes: We will effect several changes during the downtime.
Note: Impact is not a verb. Purists, at least, beg you to use affect instead:
No: The outage shouldn’t impact any users during work hours.
Yes: The outage shouldn’t affect any users during work hours.
Yes: The outage should have no impact on users during work hours.
6. You’re foryour
No: Remember to defrag you’re machine on a regular basis.
Yes: Remember to defrag your machine on a regular basis.
No: Your right about the changes.
Yes: You’re right about the changes.
7. Different than for different from
No: This setup is different than the one at the main office.
Yes: This setup is different from the one at the main office.
Yes: This setup is better than the one at the main office.
8. Lay for lie
No: I got dizzy and had to lay down.
Yes: I got dizzy and had to lie down.
Yes: Just lay those books over there.
9. Then for than
No: The accounting department had more problems then we did.
Yes: The accounting department had more problems than we did.
Note: Here’s a sub-peeve. When a sentence construction begins with If, you don’t need a then. Then is implicit, so it’s
superfluous and wordy:
No: If you can’t get Windows to boot, then you’ll need to call Ted.
Yes: If you can’t get Windows to boot, you’ll need to call Ted.
10.Could of, would of for could have, would have
No: I could of installed that app by mistake.
Yes: I could have installed that app by mistake.
No: I would of sent you a meeting notice, but you were out of town.
Yes: I would have sent you a meeting notice, but you were out of town.
Bonus peeve
I’ll just throw one more thing out here: My current burning pet peeve. At some point, who knows when, it became common practice to say that something is “hit and miss.” Nuh-UH. It can’t be both, right? It either hits or it misses? “Hit OR miss.” Granted, it’s a small thing, a Boolean-obsessive sort of thing. But it’s nonetheless vexing because it’s so illogical. Okay, that’s mine. If you’ve got a peeve of your own, share it in the discussion (or post a comment and tell me to get over it).
49 Responses
Jayce
May 17th, 2007 at 8:34 am
1I somehow got through high school without ever diagramming a sentence, yet I maintain above average skills in English. (Probably from the influence of college graduate parents and numerous “grammar lessons” at the dinner table.)
Thanks for explaining the difference between e.g. and i.e., the piece that’s been missing in my grammar skills.
Chris
May 17th, 2007 at 9:42 am
2That’s a good list. A big e-mail annoyance for me is a blank or meaningless subject line, such as “FYI”, “Question”, or “Help!!!!!!” (I get that last one two or three times a week from different sources). When looking at an inbox with the subject lines of 25 unread messages, those are no use at all. Don’t get me started on multiple question marks or exclamation marks. You only need one, people!
I was also taught never to begin a sentence with “And”,”But” or “Or”, but I noticed you did. I see this a lot in newspapers and it never fails to awaken the anxiety of seeing all the red ink on my papers in English class.
tmt
May 17th, 2007 at 1:41 pm
3Jodi,
I am glad you provided this for all of us. I purchased a cheap, but very valuable student planner this past year - it provides a ‘Study Tips’ section which includes common grammar mistakes and misused words - similar to what you have provided. It has saved me from many potential embarassments. Three more examples for the audience, especially now that graduating and resume’ season has arrived, include:
accept/except; complement/compliment; and fewer/less. Any of the free dictionary and/or encyclopedia web-sites should be able to explain the differences. Nothing takes the place of visually proof-reading the documents again and again and again. That’s what friends are for ;-)
Cross
May 21st, 2007 at 7:06 pm
4Another Bonus Peeve:
When, oh when, did we lose the knack of possessional and plural tenses? Two signs in my general neighborhood for public consumption include:
“Tattoo’s” to advertise a tattoo parlor, but unless the guy behind the counter is named Tattoo and he owns the joint, I hardly think this is appropriate.
“Spa’s” I ask you–who’s Spa?
Point being, overnight it appears that the apostrophe has invaded where it does not belong, and it has become my number one pet peeve. So call me a grammar fascist, I guess, but it bothers me like nails on a chalkboard.
Thank you, thank you for providing this guide to those little grammar nuances that our text-happy society seems to have forgotten. I, too, had trouble remembering when i.e. and e.g. were used but now I can rest easy.
Jordan
May 26th, 2007 at 8:27 am
5How about the misuse of “literally”? Starting sometime around 2000, “literally” became the buzzword du jour that still won’t go away, as in “The concert was sick, dude - blood was literally gushing our of my ears”.
Well, I wish it were. And, I don’t mean virtually.
And, whatever happened to singular forms of words that end in -ia, such as “criteria”? “My main criteria for this project is…”. This one really grates on me, but it seems ubiquitous. I don’t know what my chief criterion for usage of these words should be anymore.
Dave
May 27th, 2007 at 1:16 am
6My least favorite is when people say “I could care less.” That means you care. It’s “I couldn’t care less.”
I know it doesn’t really fit with the rest of these examples as they are more formal, but I had to put it in there.
Also “ATM Machine” the “M” stands for “Machine,” there’s no reason to say both.
Lesley
May 27th, 2007 at 4:34 am
7A good list here and strangely satisfying, I thought I was the only one brainwashed by my childhood education!
I have another one for you, what about “newk-you-lar”? (”nuclear” pronounced the “Bush” way - can’t the man afford a speech therapist Goddammit?)
Cheers,
Lesley
Sanch
May 30th, 2007 at 4:42 am
8Two Aussie errors which I never encountered in the U.K. :
I ‘brought’ a new handbag (should be ‘bought’).
We ‘done’ that last week (should be we ‘did’ that last week).
These two in particular are grating on my nerves at the moment as my 8 year old has just started getting these wrong. Why aren’t such errors corrected at school; they certainly are at home?
Jen
May 30th, 2007 at 11:40 pm
9Two peeves from Australian TV ads…
” Bought to you from the Masters of ‘Bigness’ ” For a Quizshow (of all things)
” Come in and Experience the Experience” ( For a construction company, I think)
As with Dave, my examples are not as formal as the others, but still make me cringe when I hear them.
Pete
June 1st, 2007 at 7:41 pm
10Here’s a bit of meta-pedantry for you, to set the record straight.
None of these are actually grammar errors. All except 4, 7, 8 and possibly 1 and 9 are groups of (near) homophones; I imagine in each case the writer knows which of the homophones he means (else God help him, his grammar actually is mixed up), but just picked the wrong spelling. That said, they *do* make you look stupid, especially 10.
4 and 8 are usage errors (the grammar is perfectly fine). 9 is quite possibly an innocent typo (and 1 can be caused accidentally by leaning on the “o” key too long). As for 7, while I admit I was rather surprised to hear it said in “Metal Gear Solid”, I consider it a dialectal variation rather than error. As for “impact”: just because you say it isn’t doesn’t make it so - I agree that the usage you give is pompous at best, but it has other legitimate uses. And with regard to redundant “then”: sorry, but if you call that an error, it’s really overblown pedantry. Finally, “hit and/or miss” is an idiom, and they are never fully logical, so an attack on those grounds doesn’t really work.
Cross: Tenses are a feature of verbs, not of nouns. You’re thinking of the possessive clitic (admittedly a relatively arcane grammatical term) and plural number. And the “greengrocer’s apostrophe” (as it is called on the right side of the pond) is an error of punctuation rather than grammar.
Sanch: I’ve heard both of those errors in Britain. “Done” for “did” seems particularly common in South Wales for some reason.
I’ll just add that you are of course entitled to your pet peeves - where would we be without them? (Although I think “burning pet peeve” sounds like a urinary tract infection ;))
margote
June 4th, 2007 at 4:09 pm
11You are absolutely correct… grammar has now gone by the wayside. I have always been interested and intrigued with “words” from a young age. As a court reporter proper grammar is an intricate tool for my work, but unfortunately I see mistakes that even court reporters make on a daily basis. Many making exactly the mistakes you’ve pointed out in your column. An excellent grammar lesson for everyone to test your skills is Dr. Kristi Seigel’s online grammar test at http://www.kristisiegel.com/grammartest2.html. I did the lesson a short time ago and although i don’t like to “toot my own horn”, let’s just say my interest in grammar paid off. Anyone up for the challenge?
megan
June 4th, 2007 at 4:38 pm
12Question: Does anyone have a “rule of thumb” for the use of periods in acronyms, when and when not to use them? I was once told at a very young age that if the acronym is actually a word e.g. Unicef or NATO or
JPEG or AIDS, then periods are not included (they can technically be an initialism), otherwise acronyms like e.g., P.M or A.M. or O.P.P. where periods are used, but I guess that rule kind of goes out the window when i think of acronyms such as FBI or RCMP…. So can anyone explain when to use periods?
michael bash
June 6th, 2007 at 6:44 am
13You can say, “The big game starts in 20 minutes”.
You can say, “The big game starts 20 minutes from now’.
You CANNOT say, “The big game starts in 20 minutes from now”.
Jeff
June 9th, 2007 at 7:30 am
14“A LOT” IS ALWAYS TWO WORDS. “alot” is not a word. My sister makes this mistake a lot and it’s incredibly annoying.
alllyb
June 10th, 2007 at 5:03 am
15As Pete says not strictly grammar errors.
My pet hate: “very unique” or “more unique than”
There are no degrees of uniqueness! Something either is unique ir it is not not unique.
Instead “very distinctive” or “more distinctive than”…
Thank you
Mary
June 18th, 2007 at 11:28 am
16One that’s driving me insane lately is “could care less”. Should be “couldn’t care less”. As in - I couldn’t care less about your grammar as long as you avoid talking to me.
And, living in the South US, don’t even get me started on subject-verb disagreement. OMG!
Dennis
June 18th, 2007 at 12:33 pm
17I can’t stand people who use the phrase “waiting on” when they mean “waiting for”.
Ditto for “less than” when they mean “fewer than”. If it can be counted, use “fewer than”, people!
Or people who bought something “off of” someone, rather than “from” someone. If it wasn’t hanging from their person, you bought it “from” them, darn it!
(Please don’t get me started on multiple question marks or exclamation points. It makes my eye twitch.)
JB.T
June 19th, 2007 at 11:16 pm
18I “hate” it when people use “quotation marks” for things that aren’t “quotes,” such as when they want to put “emphasis” on a “word.”
Oh, and there’s no such thing as a “prenump.” Prenup is short for prenuptial agreement. No m. Where did that come from? Prenup. Stop it.
Mike
June 20th, 2007 at 12:42 am
19The “literally” thing is my big pet peeve. But yeah it’s also annoying when people say “over-exaggerating”. You just exaggerate, not over-exaggerate. anyway, good article
Ryan
July 25th, 2007 at 3:25 pm
20Not to be picky, but on #4, i.e. means “in effect” (i.e. “that is”). You are correct, but I’m more correct =^)
By the way, I can’t stand the incorrect “would/could/should of.” It’s “would have or would’ve,” people!
Ron
July 26th, 2007 at 11:45 am
21My peeve? ‘Firstly, secondly, lastly,’ etc. when the speaker means ‘first, second, last,’ etc. You CANNOT be like, as, or similar to an ordinal number- either you’re first, or you’re not. You’re last, or you’re not- you’re next to last, or near the end. Do you actually say, “I was first, but someone was there before me ?” No? Then don’t say ‘firstly,’ damn it!
Carl Witlicki
July 28th, 2007 at 5:56 pm
22Regardless, irregardless, not irregardless, etc. all mean the same thing.
Unsolved mysteries. If they were solved, they would not be mysteries.
Programming: if if = if then then = then else else = else
Any Steve Wright joke.
Escuerd
July 30th, 2007 at 7:59 pm
23“Hit and miss” isn’t a grammar error, of course. It’s a logical error. However, it can make sense in some cases. E.g., if it’s referring to some process that is repeated with inconsistent results. There’s hitting going on, and there’s missing going on. Nothing’s wrong there.
Escuerd
July 30th, 2007 at 8:26 pm
24Something annoying that occurs to me is the tendency among East Texans (possibly among others) to merge the words “idea” and “ideal”. “Does anyone have any ideal what I’m talking about?”
Diane Mitchell
August 8th, 2007 at 12:27 pm
25Why do people like to begin every sentence with LIKE or BASICALLY? And why do they love to end sentences with IF YOU WILL? If you will WHAT?
Jeff
August 9th, 2007 at 1:54 pm
26Number five is incorrect.
While the word “Affect” is in the dictionary, it is a psychology term somewhat related to the word affection. Unless you are writing a psychological dissertation, you will use “effect” for both the verb and the noun in 99.9 percent of your writing. Your suggestion to use affect as a verb and effect as a noun is just a common American wives tale most likely found on Wikipedia.
Another commonly misspelled/mispronounced word is metrics. It’s amusing how many people say “matrix”.
Jeff
August 9th, 2007 at 2:00 pm
27Before people flame me for my previous post I’d like to submit rthe useage note from dictionary.com…
?Usage note Affect1 and effect, each both noun and verb, share the sense of ?influence,? and because of their similarity in pronunciation are sometimes confused in writing. As a verb affect1 means ?to act on? or ?to move? (His words affected the crowd so deeply that many wept); affect2 means ?to pretend? or ?to assume? (new students affecting a nonchalance they didn’t feel). The verb effect means ?to bring about, accomplish?: Her administration effected radical changes. The noun effect means ?result, consequence?: the serious effects of the oil spill. The noun affect1 pronounced with the stress on the first syllable, is a technical term in psychology and psychiatry. Affect2 is not used as a noun.
Andy
August 20th, 2007 at 1:12 am
28With regard to 2,3 and 6, I was always taught to think of the apostrophe as a replacement for the missing letters in the phrase. Indeed the dictionary defines an apostrophe as a punctuation mark indicating the omission of letters. Therefore if there were no missing letters there was no apostrophe.
So in the examples given:
The laptop is overheating and it?s making that funny noise again. - ‘it’s’ is used here as a shortened form of ‘it is’ therefore the apostrophe replaces the ‘i’ in is.
Download the HTA, along with its readme file. - ‘its’ is not a shortened form of anything, therefore no apostrophe.
The techs have to check their cell phones at the door, and they?re not happy about it. - ‘they’re’ is used here as short for ‘they are’ therefore has an apostrophe.
You?re right about the changes. - ‘You’re’ used here as a shortened form of ‘you are’ therefore has an apostrophe.
I’ve always found this a useful guide to when to and when not to use apostrophe.
Erick
August 22nd, 2007 at 12:18 pm
29“He gave Jerry and I a beer.”
Ask yourself how this would read if Jerry wasn’t there.
“He gave I a beer.” This is one of my pet peeves. Even journalists, who should know better, make this mistake.
Rule of thumb if this doesn’t come naturally to you: take the other person out of the scenario and run it through your head with “me” or “I.”
“He gave Jerry and me a beer.” Now I can enjoy that ale.
Corona Rivera
August 26th, 2007 at 2:15 pm
30Thanks for the satisfying list of errors to avoid.
I concur (I hope that’s is right.) with Dave & Mary on the irritation of “Couldn’t care more”.
Thanks to Erick for giving me a way to figure out when I should be me.
I would like to add one more peeve. - The use/none use of spaces in sentences. - We have computers now that know exactly how much space to leave after punctuation. We no longer need the extra space, one will do. But please space after numbering a list. (E.g., 1. Number One - Not 1.Number One.)
Thanks for the space to vent and I hope you enjoy the beer.
Corona
KateyKat
August 27th, 2007 at 6:21 pm
31Please help stamp out the growing habit of refering to oneself as myself. For example: “Please send your answer to myself”.
My all time favorite for your amusement (or horror): an internal message from the Office Managing Partner a few years ago referred to a “mute point” when of course he meant moot point.
Steve Hooper
August 28th, 2007 at 2:44 am
32This is an American/Brit thing but ‘insure/ensure’… Please, people, ‘ensure’ is a real word and is to be found in American dictionaries too. Please take the time to check it out.
Chuck
August 28th, 2007 at 9:50 am
33I’m with Dave on response #6, “I could care less” drives me crazy. Say what you mean and mean what you say i.e., “I couldn’t care less”
Samir
August 28th, 2007 at 12:23 pm
34Having English as my second language I noticed that native speakers couldn’t care less if they make these errors, whereas non-native speakers tend to pay close attention to grammar, probably out of fear of sounding stupid. Once I noticed that I stopped “learning” from natives. :)
This is by far the best resource I have found on the web for these types of mistakes:
http://www.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/errors.html
0/0
August 28th, 2007 at 3:24 pm
35People say “A whole ‘nother (thing)” every day, and it makes me cringe. What is that? By grammatical rules that would be short for “another whole another (thing)”, which doesn’t make sense. The term is “another whole (thing)”, or “a whole other (thing)”. Why do people just make stuff up?
0/0
August 28th, 2007 at 3:28 pm
36Yes - “moot” vs. “mute”. I can’t think of anything that I commonly hear that makes people sound more stupid than confusing the two of those. Good call.
Sherry Johnson
August 29th, 2007 at 5:41 am
37My personal pet peeves are pronunciation (not pronounciation) errors.The one that makes me cring the most is noo-cyoo-ler,as in the way Bush mispronounces it.The word is spelled nuclear.Is it so hard to pronounce the letters in the order in which they appear?My other big one is ” I have a Beta fish”(pronouncing it bay-ta). Beta is a letter in the Greek language,Betta Splendens is a tropical fish, otherwise known as the Siamese Fighting Fish.It is pronounced Betta(Bet, as in” I bet a lot of people will never get this one right”).Beta is pronounced bay-ta.
Sherry Johnson
August 29th, 2007 at 5:43 am
38Opps, I spelled cringe incorrectly in my previous post.I humbly beg forgiveness.
Sherry Johnson
August 29th, 2007 at 5:45 am
39Ok, I didn’t think to take a second look at that last entry,either.It should read “Oops”, not ” Opps”.Please forgive me,again.
Paul M
August 29th, 2007 at 8:38 am
40What about the improper use of imply and infer, e.g., “I imply from what you say that…”
Cross! Very cross!
Marilyn
August 29th, 2007 at 1:22 pm
41The word “actually” is very overused.
I actually counted someone actually saying actually in a sentence so many times that it was actually so annoying that I acturally had to take a pill for the headache I actually got!
James C
September 7th, 2007 at 9:57 am
42I know it’s somewhat rare when written but it really chaps me when someone uses seen when saw is proper.
I seen him run in the latest marathon.
hiutopor
September 17th, 2007 at 9:55 am
43Hi all!
Very interesting information! Thanks!
Bye
Ian
September 25th, 2007 at 12:16 pm
44Ryan said, “Not to be picky, but on #4, i.e. means ‘in effect’ (i.e. ‘that is’). You are correct, but I?m more correct =^) ”
Actually, Ryan, you’re incorrect. I.E. isn’t an abbreviation for “in effect” . It’s actually an abbreviation for the latin, “id est,” which means “that is”. I’m sure some teacher somewhere along the line probably told you that to try to make it easier to remember the difference, though using “in effect” as a definition for “i.e.” would surely cause you to misuse “i.e.” in situations where “e.g.” would be correct.
—–
In comments 26 and 27, Jeff contradicts himself. First he claims that, “Unless you are writing a psychological dissertation, you will use ‘effect’ for both the verb and the noun in 99.9 percent of your writing.” Then in comment 27, he provides a usage note which shows exactly how “affect” is properly used, and those examples have nothing to do with psychological disserations.
Criss Labyrinth
October 22nd, 2007 at 7:41 am
45I can’t stand it when people use “them” instead of “those”. It kills me to hear someone saying, “Go over there and look at them boxes.” Either say “them” or name the items, but not both!
Another annoying thing I often hear is “we was”. NO, people! Either use “I was” or “we were”, and never “you was”.
David
January 31st, 2008 at 8:58 am
46Good list!
I get annoyed at the misuse of penultimate. It simply means second to last. I often hear people use it as a superlative, trying to say something is enormous, bigger than huge, the zenith of something. I recently heard a local news anchor interview a singer, and she asked him if he ever thought he would reach this “penultimate point in his career.” Yikes! He’ll eventually reach the second-to-last point of his career, and then he’ll reach the ultimate point. And he may also reach a career goal that is higher than he intially imagined.
Alan
February 26th, 2008 at 4:07 am
47I am supprised that nobody mentioned needlessly ending sentences with prepositions.
“Where is that at?”…”Where are you going to?”…”When will you have that done by?”
As Mr. Churchill so eloquently said, “This is the kind of impertinence up with which I shall not put.”
Next we will be dangling our participles; in public!
Chris1
February 26th, 2008 at 8:08 am
48Great article and thread.
How about “incentivized” or “incent” as non-word variations of “incentive?”
Also (here in western Kansas, the land of the forgotten infinitive) the fence “needs painted!”
Emilie
April 1st, 2008 at 8:46 pm
49About the Bonus part, my pet peeve is and always will be ‘new and improved.’
How can it be new, therefore unpreceded and original, and improved, a better version of a previous concept?
WRONG!
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